1. Development of mobile communication technology
Looking back at the development of mobile communication technology, the first generation adopted analog technology, which could only support voice calls with regional and distance restrictions. The second generation realizes digital voice communication, which can carry out simple voice and text interaction, such as SMS and email. The third generation is the well-known 3G technology, characterized by multimedia communication, can support voice, text and video interaction, but due to limited bandwidth, in a large number of data interaction, such as video interaction is difficult to ensure the smooth effect; The fourth generation is the 4G technology that is being built. The communication rate has been greatly improved, marking the entry of the wireless broadband era.
According to the results of base station tests conducted by current telecom service providers, 5G will be faster than 4G and consume less power, with theoretical bandwidth exceeding 10 gigabytes per second. This guarantees you will be able to download a high-definition movie in less than a second, compared with at least 10 minutes for 4G. Just because of this unique advantage, 5G is widely believed to have an important role in promoting intelligent industry, driverless cars, VR and the Internet of Things.
Currently, 5G standards have not been set. A definition of 5G is likely to be finalized in 2018, and a formal 5G standard will be written by the United Nations Mobile Communications Union in 2019, according to Smith, AT&T's president. The 5G standards will define issues such as what wireless technologies can be called 5G and what features 5G has.
II. Three scenarios defined by 5G
In 2016, the Polarcode scheme mainly promoted by Huawei was determined by 3GPP, the international wireless standardization organization, as the control channel coding scheme of EMBB scene, while the uplink and downlink short code schemes of the data channel belong to Qualcomm LDPC code. EMBB, or Enhanced Mobile Broadband, is one of three scenarios defining 5G at the 3GPP conference. Huawei's Polarcode channel coding technology is just one of many technologies at the heart of 5G. In addition to EMBB, 5G scenarios include MMTC and URLLC.
EMBB (Enhanced Mobile Broadband) : It is mainly aimed at high traffic mobile broadband services such as 3D/UHD video. In addition to developing related technologies in spectrum below 6GHz, EMBB will also develop spectrum above 6GHz. Small base stations will be an important equipment for the development of EMBB, because the current spectrum below 6GHz is mainly based on the traditional network model developed by large base stations, and compared with the millimeter wave technology in the spectrum above 6GHz, small base stations are needed to speed up.
MMTC (Mass Machine Communication) : mainly for large-scale Internet of Things business. MMTC will be developed in the frequency band below 6GHz, which will be used in the large-scale Internet of Things. The most visible development is NB-IoT. In the past, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, Bluetooth and other common technologies belong to a small range of technologies for family use, and the return lines mainly rely on LTE. Recently, with the advent of technical standards such as NB-IoT and Lora with wide coverage, the development of the Internet of Things is expected to be more extensive.
URLLC (ultra-reliable low delay) : mainly for unmanned driving, industrial automation and other businesses that need low delay and high reliability connection. In a
smart factory, because a large number of machines have built-in sensors, these processes from sensors, back-end network, instructions, and then transmitted back to the machine itself, if the existing network transmission, there will be a significant delay, may lead to industrial safety accidents. With this in mind, URLLC lowered its target for network wait times to less than 1 millisecond.
III. Industrial applications supported by 5G
The Internet of things
With the advance of intelligent transformation of factories, the Internet of Things, as a key supporting technology connecting people, machines and equipment, is receiving high attention from enterprises. This demand, while promoting the application of the Internet of Things, also greatly stimulated the development of 5G technology. In the face of complex industrial interconnection needs, 5G technology needs to adapt to different industrial scenarios and meet the vast majority of connection needs of the Internet of Things. Therefore, 5G and the Internet of Things are complementary to each other. The application of the Internet of Things depends on the wireless connection solutions of different scenarios provided by 5G, and the maturity of 5G technology standards also needs the stimulation and promotion of the application demands of the Internet of Things.
In the process of promoting the implementation of the Internet of Things, the three 5G scenarios can support different functional application requirements respectively. For example, EMBB can support high bandwidth application scenarios such as remote video monitoring and video conferencing. MMTC can meet the data connection and transmission requirements of a large number of low power embedded terminals. URLLC can reduce the target of network waiting time to less than 1 millisecond to support the real-time data transmission of systems and equipment in industrial automation control process and many indicators and requirements.
Industrial automation control
Automatic control is the most basic application in manufacturing plants, the core is the closed loop control system. During the control cycle of the system, each sensor is continuously measured and the measured data is transmitted to the controller to set the actuator. Typical closed-loop control process cycle is as low as MS level, so the communication delay of the system needs to reach MS level or lower to ensure the precise control of the control system, and at the same time, it has very high requirements for reliability. If the production process due to too long delay, or control information in the data transfer error can lead to production shutdown, will cause huge financial loss.
5G can provide extremely low latency, high reliability, and massive connectivity networks, making it possible for closed-loop control applications to be connected via wireless networks. Based on the measured capacity of Huawei 5G, the port delay can be up to 0.4ms, the downlink rate of a single cell can reach 20Gbps, and the maximum number of connections in the cell can be supported by 10 million +. It can be seen that only 5G network among mobile communication networks can meet the requirements of closed-loop control.
Logistics tracking
In the machine-to-machine market, which is already large, its applications will include people tracking and high-priced goods in transit. But high connectivity costs have limited the market's growth. 5G is expected to offer additional advantages in terms of deep coverage, low power consumption and low cost (economies of scale) as well as being the standard technology for 3GPP. The improvements offered by 5G will include optimizing logistics across a wide range of industries, improving worker safety and improving the efficiency of asset location and tracking, thereby minimizing costs. It will also extend capabilities to dynamically track a wider range of goods in transit. As online shopping increases, asset tracking will become even more important.
In the aspect of logistics, from warehouse management to logistics distribution all need wide coverage, deep coverage, low power consumption, large connection, low cost connection technology. In addition, the end-to-end integration of the virtual factory spans the whole life cycle of the product. To connect the widely distributed sold goods, the network with low power consumption, low cost and wide coverage is also needed, and the horizontal integration within or between enterprises also needs the ubiquitous network, which can be well met by 5G network.
Industrial AR
In the future intelligent factory production process, people will play a more important role. However, due to the high flexibility and versatility of future factories, there will be higher demands on the workers on the factory floor. In order to quickly meet the demands of new tasks and production activities, AR will play a key role in the intelligent manufacturing process, which can be used in the following scenarios: for example, monitoring processes and production processes. Step-by-step instructions for production tasks, such as manual assembly process guidance; Remote expert business support, such as remote maintenance.
In these applications, auxiliary AR facilities require maximum flexibility and portability in order to perform maintenance efficiently. Therefore, the information processing function of the device needs to be moved up to the cloud. AR devices only have the functions of connection and display, and AR devices are connected to the cloud through wireless network. The AR equipment will receive the necessary information (for example, production environment data, production equipment data, and fault handling guidance information) in real time via the network. In such a scene, the display content of AR glasses must be synchronized with the movement of the camera in the AR device, so as to avoid the phenomenon of out-of-step vision range. Usually move from vision to AR images on the reaction time less than 20 ms, will have good synchronicity, so the requirement from cameras transmit data to the cloud to AR display content of the cloud back to less than 20 MMS, remove the screen refresh and cloud processing delay, will be expected to wireless network two-way transmission delay within 10 ms can meet the needs of real-time experience. However, LTE network cannot meet the time delay requirement.
Cloud robot
In the intelligent manufacturing production scenario, robots are required to have the ability of self-organization and collaboration to meet the flexible production, which brings the demand of robots to cloud. Compared with traditional robots, cloud-based robots need to be connected to the control center in the cloud through the network. Based on the platform with ultra-high computing power, cloud-based robots can carry out real-time operational control of the manufacturing process through big data and artificial intelligence. Through cloud technology, a large number of computing and data storage functions will be moved to the cloud, which will greatly reduce the hardware cost and power consumption of the robot itself. And in order to meet the requirements of flexible manufacturing, the robot needs to meet the requirements of free movement. Therefore, in the process of robot cloud transformation, the wireless communication network needs to have the characteristics of extremely low delay and high reliability.
5G networks and cloud-based robots
5G network is an ideal communication network for cloud-based robots, and it is the key to enable cloud-based robots. 5G slice network can provide end-to-end customized network support for cloud-based robot applications. 5G network can achieve end-to-end communication delay as low as 1ms, and support 99.999% connection reliability. The powerful network capability can greatly meet the challenges of time delay and reliability of cloud-based robots.
Four,
5G technology has become the key enabling technology to support the transformation of intelligent manufacturing. 5G technology can use three scenarios to connect a wide range of scattered people, machines and equipment to build a unified Internet. Due to its high real-time performance and reliability, 5G technology can not only be used in industrial scenarios, but also support personal mobile Internet applications. The development of 5G technology can help manufacturing enterprises get rid of the chaotic application state of wireless network technology in the past, which has a positive significance for promoting the implementation of industrial Internet and deepening the transformation of intelligent manufacturing.
Macro morning long technology co., LTD. Is located in the guangdong zhuhai grand bay area between the three major urban belt -- -- -- -- -- zhuhai golden bay port industrial zone, since its inception, the company focused on intelligent three-dimensional warehouse, intelligent AGV carrying, wisdom and factory automation stereoscopic warehouse, intelligent dense warehouse, four to shuttle car, stacker, three-dimensional library shelves, automatic packing machine, AGV handling car, cold chain cold storage, robot palletizer, palletizer, logistics conveying system, automatic loading and unloading car system, automatic sorting and picking system, logistics automation equipment, information integration, MES manufacturing execution system, WMS warehouse management system, intelligent storage system, intelligent factory, edible oil filling production line, Filling production line, intelligent warehouse, packaging equipment and other intelligent equipment research and development, design, manufacturing, installation and debugging, technical services and packaging line solutions integration services. Company is mainly for edible oil, beverage, water, feed, new energy, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and other industries provide automated secondary packaging equipment (out of the box machine, packing machine, sealing machine), palletizing equipment and system (stacker crane, tear open buttress machine), intelligent three-dimensional warehouse (stacker, RGV/AGV dolly, three-dimensional shelf), transmission system, intelligent truck and other high-end intelligent complete sets of equipment Integration with the whole line system.
